Phyllachora tanensis

General description: 

Lesions composed of small irregular patches to ca 4 mm diam. of slightly hypertrophied host tissue, often coalescing, the included leaf surface brown in the central part and sometimes surrounded by a narrow yellowish band, with ascomata visible as black spots dotted over the lesion.

Anamorph: conidiomata hypogenous, visible as small, scattered, hardly domed, dark brown to black spots 50‒80 µm diam. on the lower surface of less well-developed lesions ; 80‒100 µm diam., 90‒110 µm tall, ± ellipsoidal, with a distinct ostiole ; pycnidial in form, with significant melanization only around the ostiole, surrounded by thick-walled hyaline hyphae causing significant cell disruption within the mesophyll tissue. Conidiomatal wall 6‒8 µm thick, composed of several layers of pale yellow textura intricata with hyphae 2‒3 µm diam., gradually becoming dark brown and thicker-walled near the ostiole. Conidiogenous cells formed in compact clusters from a basal layer of small-celled hyaline textura angularis, conidiophores where present very short and undifferentiated ; 14.5‒19 x 2‒3 µm, rather irregular in form, tapering gradually, either from the base or above a basal cylindrical portion, the apex very narrow, proliferating percurrently, collarettes absent, periclinal thickening usually present but very inconspicuous. Conidia 5.5‒9 x 1‒1.5 µm, narrowly clavate, the apex rounded to obtuse, the base often distinctly attenuated and appearing almost hair-like, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and apparently smooth-walled, exuding in orange crystalline masses.

Teleomorph : ascomata usually hologenous, the ostiole epigenous, visible from the adaxial surface as hardly domed glossy black structures  50‒250 µm diam., occasionally coalescing, the ostiole conspicuous, often somewhat sunken; visible from the abaxial surface as similarly sized but more swollen and less glossy structures. In section : occupying the palisade and about half the thickness of the mesophyll; 150‒220 µm  diam., ± globose, the ostiolar region hardly papillate. Ascomatal wall 6‒8 µm thick laterally, composed of 3‒4 layers of rather thin-walled, strongly ¯attened, almost hyaline cells to 11 µm diam. ; thicker (to ca 14 µm) basally with the cells pale brown and less strongly flattened ; the apical portion clypeus-like, to 30 µm thick, composed of epidermal cells almost completely occluded by melanins. Paraphyses slightly longer than the asci, with a basal cell 6‒8 µm diam, with 1‒2 branches to 6 µm diam., gradually tapering to an obtuse apex, very thin-walled, septate, without a mucous coating. Periphyses well-developed, to 30 µm long, gradually tapering,, merging with the paraphyses. Asci 79‒91(‒106) x 11.5‒14 µm, cylindric-clavate, fairly shortstalked, very thin-walled when immature but the apical region becoming very thick-walled at maturity but not fissitunicate, with an inconspicuous apical ring 2‒2.5 µm diam. and ca 0.5 µm thick, 8-spored. Ascospores arranged  iseriately, 14‒16(‒17.5) x 5‒6 µm, fusiform, rarely fusiform-cylindric, slightly curved (with one face ± flat), the ends ± acute, fairly thin-walled,  hyaline, aseptate, smooth, usually with a large central guttule, probably without a gelatinous sheath or appendages.

Description published in Mycological Research 103: 577-590 (1999).

Conservation status: 

Not formally assessed, but potentially Critically Endangered; the species has only been recorded from a single locality which is apparently not in a protected area.

Associations: 

Parasitic on leaves of Erythroxylum aff. nitidulum.

Distribution: 

Only known from Madagascar, from a single locality south of Antananarivo.

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith